How to treat a sore throat?

A sore throat is a very common symptom that could indicate a number of different issues. It may be something as simple as irritation or a common cold or there could be something more serious happening. If you have a sore throat then it’s a good idea to get help identifying the cause and to take steps to work out how to treat it as soon as possible.

Sore throat - causes and treatment

The best treatment for your sore throat will depend on the cause behind it. In general, if you have a fever and/or symptoms are not responding to home treatment - or there is urgency, for example you suspect that your sore throat may be caused by a condition such as meningitis - then it’s worth seeking medical help sooner rather than later.

• A viral upper respiratory tract infection.This is your common cold, which can also come with sneezing, coughing and a runny nose. The best treatment is rest and drinking plenty of fluids.
• An allergic reaction. For some bodies, harmless substances can trigger a strong reaction that could include a sore throat, as well as shortness of breath, coughing, wheezing and nausea. Antihistamines, nasal corticosteroids and decongestants can all be used to treat an allergic reaction depending on its severity.
• Bacterial meningitis. This is often accompanied by a high fever and severe headache and other symptoms such as vomiting and light sensitivity. Antibiotics can be used to treat this condition and should be obtained as soon as possible.
• Mono. Infectious Mononucleosis will generate a sore throat as well as other symptoms such as a fever, swollen lymph nodes and a rash. Rest, fluids and over the counter pain medication are the best ways to treat this.
• Peritonsillar abscess. This is an infection of the head and neck that may cause a sore throat as well as problems swallowing and foul smelling breath. It may be necessary to drain or remove the abscess (this should be done by a professional) and antibiotics can also be prescribed.
• Strep throat. As well as a sore throat and headache you may also get conjunctivitis, pain when swallowing and tiny red spots on the throat. Antibiotics can be a very effective way to treat this, reducing complications and minimising symptoms.
• Inflammation and pain in the throat e.g. tonsillitis. Conditions such as pharyngitis (which affects the throat) and tonsillitis (which affects the tonsils) can be behind a sore throat and may have other symptoms too, including fever, stomach ache and redness in the throat. Treatment includes rest and drinking lots of fluids. Gargling with salt water can also help to relieve discomfort.
• Throat cancer. A sore throat that doesn’t go away should be investigated for throat cancer. Other indicators could include ear pain, difficulty breathing and unintentional weight loss. Treatment will depend on the size of the tumour and can include radiotherapy.

A sore throat can be an indicator of many different conditions and is a symptom that should be monitored and treated quickly wherever possible.