Why do my ears ache? Here are a few common earache causes to look out for

Earache is incredibly uncomfortable. Whether you’re experiencing it as a child or in adult years it can affect your daily life and make you feel very unwell. There are a number of different reasons why someone might experience earache - these may be either primary earache (caused by an issue in the ear, such as an infection) or a secondary pain that you’re feeling in the ear but which is originating elsewhere in the body e.g. as a result of a dental problem. These are some of the most common causes of earache to look out for.

Primary causes of earache

• Problems with the Eustachian Tube. It’s the Eustachian Tube that connects the ear to the back of the nose and which is responsible for equalising pressure in the ear. Dysfunction of the Eustachian Tube - such as swelling as a result of allergies - is a common cause of earache. Medication or surgery may be required but sometimes this can be simply fixed by yawning or chewing.
• Swimmer’s Ear. This is an infection of the ear canal, often caused by water remaining in the ear. This type of infection comes with symptoms like pain, itchiness and discharge and can be treated with antibiotic drops as well as over-the-counter pain relief.
• Middle ear infection. While also an infection, this type affects a different part of the ear and is less common. It is often the consequence of a cold or a respiratory infection. Pain, fever, hearing loss and fluid draining from the ear are all common symptoms. Antibiotics and pain relief are usually prescribed.
• Barotrauma. This is where the pressure inside and outside the ears doesn’t match and can be the result of a cold or of being in an environment where there are sudden pressure changes, such as on a plane.
• Ruptured eardrum. Anything, from a loud noise to an accident or extreme changes in pressure can rupture the eardrum. This can cause hearing loss, dizziness and ringing in the ears but will heal on its own over time.

Secondary causes of earache

• TMJ pain (temporomandibular dysfunction). If there are any issues with the jaw joint (e.g. inflammation) this can also affect the Eustachian Tubes and cause earache. Treatment often includes a soft food diet to ease the pressure on the jaw or anti-inflammatory medication.
• Inflammation and arthritis. Where there is arthritis in the neck, for example, this can lead to earache. It’s also a common consequence of inflammation, such as the kind that may happen after a tonsillectomy. 
• Other head, mouth, ear nose and throat problems. Where there are other problems in the body this can also result in earache. For example earache can be triggered by dental problems, GERD or acid reflux, headaches and migraines or as a result of a sinus infection or sore throat.

If you’re struggling with earache, the first thing to do is to get some help so that you can identify the cause and treat it appropriately.

Harley Street is the UK's foremost private medical centre which is dedicated to providing high-quality care for your ear, nose, throat, head & neck, and balance-related disorders. Find out more information on how Harley Street ENT can help you here.